The Maltese is a breed that seems to have stepped straight out of a Renaissance painting—elegant, poised, and impossibly charming. With its flowing white coat, expressive eyes, and affectionate nature, the Maltese has long been a favorite among aristocrats, artists, and everyday dog lovers alike. But beneath the glamour lies a dog of surprising resilience, intelligence, and emotional depth.
Whether nestled in a lap or prancing across a garden path, the Maltese brings joy, loyalty, and a touch of regal flair to every moment. This article explores the breed in full—from its ancient history and temperament to health, grooming, climate suitability, and its unique roles in companionship and therapy.
History and Origins
The Maltese is one of the oldest toy breeds in the world, with origins dating back over 2,000 years. Believed to have originated on the Mediterranean island of Malta, the breed was prized by ancient civilizations including the Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians. Aristotle even referenced a small white dog believed to be the Maltese in his writings.
Throughout history, Maltese dogs were favored by royalty and nobility. They were often gifted to emperors and queens, pampered in palaces, and immortalized in classical art. Their small size, luxurious coat, and affectionate nature made them ideal lapdogs and symbols of refinement.
Despite their aristocratic past, Maltese dogs have always been more than ornamental—they’re intelligent, alert, and deeply bonded to their humans.
Breed Characteristics
Maltese dogs are small, graceful, and covered in a long, silky white coat that flows to the ground.
Trait Description
Height 7–9 inches (18–23 cm)
Weight 3–4 kg (6.5–9 lbs)
Coat Long, straight, and silky
Colors Pure white (sometimes with light lemon or tan on ears)
Lifespan 12–15 years
Their dark, round eyes and black button nose give them a sweet, expressive look. Despite their delicate appearance, Maltese dogs are surprisingly sturdy and agile.
Temperament and Personality
Maltese dogs are known for their affectionate, lively, and intelligent nature.
Their temperament is a delightful blend of:
Affection: They thrive on human companionship and love to cuddle.
Alertness: Excellent watchdogs despite their small size.
Playfulness: Enjoy games and interaction but are not overly hyper.
Emotional sensitivity: They respond to their owner’s mood and tone.
Adaptability: Comfortable in apartments, houses, and travel settings.
Maltese dogs are eager to please and respond well to positive reinforcement. They’re ideal for families, seniors, and anyone seeking a loving, low-maintenance companion.
Favorite Foods and Nutritional Needs
Maltese dogs have moderate energy levels and a tendency toward picky eating. Their diet should support coat health, digestion, and joint function.
Ideal Diet:
High-quality protein: Chicken, turkey, lamb, or fish
Complex carbohydrates: Brown rice, oats, sweet potatoes
Healthy fats: Omega-3 and Omega-6 for skin and coat health
Digestive support: Probiotics and fiber-rich vegetables
Joint supplements: Especially for aging Maltese
Feeding Tips:
- Feed twice daily in measured portions.
- Avoid table scraps and high-fat treats.
- Monitor weight and adjust portions based on activity level.
In warm climates, hydration is essential. Always provide fresh, cool water, especially during summer months.
Suitable Climatic Conditions
Maltese dogs have a single-layer coat, which makes them sensitive to extreme temperatures.
Climate Adaptation Tips:
In hot climates:
- Keep coat trimmed to prevent overheating.
- Avoid midday walks.
- Provide air conditioning or fans indoors.
In cold climates:
- Use dog sweaters during winter walks.
- Limit exposure to freezing temperatures.
In hot and humid summers, early morning or evening walks are ideal. Regular grooming helps manage heat retention and skin health.
Common Health Conditions
Maltese dogs are generally healthy but are predisposed to several breed-specific conditions due to their size and genetics.
Common Conditions:
Dental disease: Crowded teeth can lead to tartar buildup and gum issues.
Luxating patella: A knee condition common in small breeds.
Collapsed trachea: Can cause coughing and breathing difficulties.
White Shaker Syndrome: A neurological condition causing tremors.
Hypoglycemia: Especially in puppies or very small adults.
Eye issues: Including tear staining and dry eye.
Routine vet checkups, dental care, and early screening can help manage or prevent these issues.
Aging Gracefully: Senior Maltese Care
As Maltese dogs age, their joints, eyes, and dental health require extra care. Their affectionate nature remains strong, but their activity level may decline.
Senior Care Tips:
- Switch to senior-specific dog food with joint and heart support.
- Provide orthopedic bedding and ramps for mobility.
- Monitor for signs of arthritis, vision loss, and cognitive decline.
- Maintain gentle exercise to prevent stiffness.
- Schedule biannual vet visits for early detection of age-related issues.
Older Maltese dogs often become more mellow and enjoy quiet companionship and routine.
Shedding and Grooming Needs
Maltese dogs have a long, silky coat that sheds minimally but requires regular grooming to prevent matting.
Grooming Tips:
- Brush daily to prevent tangles and mats.
- Professional grooming every 4–6 weeks for trimming and styling.
- Clean eyes daily to prevent tear staining.
- Trim nails biweekly to prevent joint strain.
- Brush teeth regularly to maintain oral health.
Their coat can be styled in various ways—from the traditional show look to a practical puppy cut. Grooming is essential for both health and aesthetics.
Flea and Parasite Management
Maltese dogs’ long coat and sensitive skin make them vulnerable to fleas and ticks.
Prevention Strategies:
- Use monthly flea and tick preventatives (oral or topical).
- Check coat and skin after outdoor activities.
- Wash bedding and vacuum frequently.
- Maintain a clean yard and avoid tall grass.
- Consult your vet for the best parasite control plan.
Fleas can cause allergic reactions, hair loss, and secondary infections. Early detection and prevention are essential.
Maltese in Police and Service Work
Maltese dogs are not commonly used in traditional police or military roles due to their size and temperament. However, they excel in emotional support and therapy work.
Specialized Duties:
Therapy and emotional support: Their calm demeanor and affectionate nature make them ideal for hospitals and care homes.
Companion animals: Especially for seniors and individuals with anxiety or depression.
Social media ambassadors: Many Maltese dogs have become internet celebrities, spreading joy and awareness.
Their ability to bond deeply and provide comfort makes them valuable in emotional support roles.
Unique Traits and Quirks
Maltese dogs are full of personality and peculiar habits:
Prancing gait: They often walk with a proud, bouncy step.
Velcro behavior: They love being close to their humans.
Minimal barking: They’re quiet but alert.
Expressive eyes: Their gaze often communicates emotion and intent.
Clean habits: They dislike dirty environments and often avoid puddles or mud.
These quirks make Maltese dogs endlessly entertaining and deeply lovable.
Is a Maltese Right for You?
Maltese dogs are adaptable and thrive in various living situations—from apartments to large homes. There are many varieties of them. Check these mixed breeds for a better idea. Click the link given earlier to watch a very informative video.
They’re best suited for:
Ideal Homes:
- Families with older children
- Seniors or individuals seeking a calm companion
- Urban dwellers with limited space
- Owners committed to grooming and health care
Less Suitable For:
- Highly active households seeking a jogging partner
- Hot, humid environments without climate control
- Owners who are away for long hours
If you’re looking for a dog that’s affectionate, elegant, and full of charm, the Maltese might be your perfect match.
Final Thoughts
The Maltese is more than just a lapdog—it’s a breed of timeless elegance, emotional intelligence, and unwavering devotion. From its ancient Mediterranean roots to its modern role as a beloved companion, the Maltese has proven itself as a dog of heart and heritage.
Their expressive eyes, flowing coat, and gentle nature make them one of the most cherished breeds in the world. Whether curled up beside you or trotting proudly through the park, the Maltese brings joy, serenity, and love to every moment.
If you welcome a Maltese into your life, you’re not just gaining a pet—you’re gaining a confidant, a cuddle buddy, and a lifelong friend.